Mongol Empire
This is our presentation about the Mongol Empire and what made them so formidable in history. We will talk about the geography, leaders, economy, political system, religion, technologies, art, architecture, culture, and social structure of the Mongol Empire.
Nalani Wooton The process of completing this project about empires helped me to better understand the influence of empire/nations then and now by showing me how the past is able to influence the future through big or small deeds. It also helped me understand that cultures and nations have changed over the years. The Mongols contributed in many ways that still have carried over to today like paper money and gunpowder. They also changed from being a huge empire in the past, to only being a smaller country nowadays. Since the Mongols came up with the idea for paper money, they helped move everyone in the future from metal to more cost effective paper dollars. They also created gunpowder which was extremely influential with weaponry for the rest of history. Without their invention of gunpowder, they probably wouldn't have won many wars and many weapons that are explosive probably wouldn't have been invented for a long time or at all. Since the Mongol empire declined after a long time of being a force to be reckoned with, this proves that anything can happen to any empire and eventually they will all decline or die out completely. This all proves that contributions empires make can carry over to today and that over time most nations will decline or die out.
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The three contributions our empire made to the world are the introduction of paper money, gunpowder, and reviving the Silk Road. The one I think was the most important is gunpowder. These were all important because many cultures use paper money as their main form of currency because itʻs easier and cheaper to make. Itʻs also more convenient to carry around because itʻs lighter and can be folded smaller. Reviving the Silk Road was important because it helped to connect Europe with Asia and made trading easier. Gunpowder was the most important because it created the base for many modern day weapons. It helped to pave the way for wars to change and to allow people to invent even more intricate weapons. Without gunpowder being created, the Mongols may not have won as many battles as they did and weaponry would be very different because they couldnʻt have that explosive element to them. Though all of these contributions were important to help shape history and society, I still believe that gunpowder was the most significant.
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Citations:
- Mongol empire | Facts, History, & Map | Britannica. (2021). In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Mongol-empire
- Blakemore, E. (2019, June 21). . Culture; National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/mongols
- History.com Editors. (2009, November 9). Genghis Khan. HISTORY; HISTORY. https://www.history.com/topics/china/genghis-khan
- History.com Editors. (2009, November 9). Kublai Khan. HISTORY; HISTORY. https://www.history.com/topics/china/kublai-khan
- Ögödei | Mongol khan | Britannica. (2021). In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ogodei
- Güyük | Mongol emperor | Britannica. (2021). In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Guyuk
- Möngke | Mongol khan | Britannica. (2021). In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mongke
- Mongol empire | Facts, History, & Map | Britannica. (2021). In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Mongol-empire
- Wikipedia Contributors. (2021, June 21). Genghis Khan. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genghis_Khan
- King, A. (2019). Portrait of Kublai Khan. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/image/11204/portrait-of-kublai-khan/
- Wikipedia Contributors. (2021, June 13). Ögedei Khan. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96gedei_Khan
- Wikipedia Contributors. (2021, May 20). Möngke Khan. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6ngke_Khan
- Mongol empire | Facts, History, & Map | Britannica. (2021). In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Mongol-empire
- Blakemore, E. (2019, June 21). . Culture; National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/mongols
- Mongol empire | Facts, History, & Map | Britannica. (2021). In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Mongol-empire
- Mongolia | Capital, Map, Language, Population, & People | Britannica. (2021). In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Mongolia
- Simon, G. (2019, August 22). Pasture Management: The Key to a Healthy Lamb Flock. Global Animal Partnership. https://globalanimalpartnership.org/about/news/post/pasture-management-the-key-to-a-healthy-lamb-flock/
- Silk Road | Facts, History, & Map | Britannica. (2021). In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Silk-Road-trade-route
Mongols helped to shape today by creating gunpowder which led to guns, the silk road which led to the distribution of culture, religion, and silk, and paper money which is something every country has used at some point by now. All of these contributions are important, but the revival of the silk road is arguably the most important. Gunpowder and paper money is good and all, but how was the information going to spread? Reviving the Silk Road meant that there would be lots of trade across Eurasia and parts of Africa, and the trade for gunpowder and the spread of paper money could have occurred faster. The faster the idea of an item is spread, the faster we would evolve, which is important for modern day. Plus, spreading paper money and gunpowder wasn't the only thing the Silk Road did, it spread ideas, religion, culture, and of course silk and trade (Hoku Akana FL #8). From there, it would only spread more, which is why the revival of the Silk Road is a very important contribution to modern day.
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Skyler RemataHow did the process of completing this project help me understand the influence of empires? The process of completing this project helped me understand the influence of empires by noticing the Mongol’s ideas and contributions spread because of trading, which just goes to show that any interaction between 2 empires can spread ideas very rapidly (Hoku Akana FL #8). Nowadays, countries don’t directly influence each other as much as back then, in fact it’s more of a race between 2 countries to advance as fast as possible. Some problems I experienced when working on this project was the lag because with so many pages of information and more than 1 person on the table made it very slow and a little bit more frustrating to work with. Reviving the Silk Road was the Mongols best contribution to the world, this allowed ideas to continue spreading and let their creation of paper money and gunpowder also spread through Europe, and eventually through North & South America. This explains how paper money came to be, and why. It also explains why guns are so prevalent in this day and age where almost everyone knows what a gun is and what it does. Due to humans living for so long and since there’s so many of us, a lot of the same ideas have been passed around multiple times. Nations and countries today definitely don’t like to share information with each other, and many things are kept secretive, so right now the future is unknown.
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Image References
Ancient Mongolian Weaponry - Weapons. (2019). Weebly.com. https://ryanwolfe.weebly.com/weapons.html
Cartwright, M. (2019, October 10). Mongol Warfare. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/Mongol_Warfare/
European Gold. (n.d.). California Gold and Silver Exchange. Retrieved June 25, 2021, from https://cagoldandsilver.com/european-gold/
Hance, J. (2011, January 21). How Genghis Khan cooled the planet. Mongabay Environmental News. https://news.mongabay.com/2011/01/how-genghis-khan-cooled-the-planet/
The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. (2019). Silk Road | Facts, History, & Map. In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Silk-Road-trade-route
(2020). Toursmongolia.com. https://www.toursmongolia.com/mongolia_travel_news/9-must-see-masterpieces-of-mongolian-paintings
References
Cartwright, M. (2019, October 10). Mongol Warfare. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/Mongol_Warfare/
Hays, J. (2012). MONGOLS AND THE SILK ROAD | Facts and Details. Factsanddetails.com. http://factsanddetails.com/china/cat2/sub90/entry-5492.html
Media, S. (2018, March 22). Mongol Trade: Linking East to West - History. History; https://www.historyonthenet.com/mongol-trade-linking-east-to-west
Mongol empire - The period of relative unity (1227–60). (2019). In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Mongol-empire/The-period-of-relative-unity-1227-60
Society, N. G. (2020, July 8). The Pax Mongolica. National Geographic Society. https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/pax-mongolica/
Ancient Mongolian Weaponry - Weapons. (2019). Weebly.com. https://ryanwolfe.weebly.com/weapons.html
Cartwright, M. (2019, October 10). Mongol Warfare. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/Mongol_Warfare/
European Gold. (n.d.). California Gold and Silver Exchange. Retrieved June 25, 2021, from https://cagoldandsilver.com/european-gold/
Hance, J. (2011, January 21). How Genghis Khan cooled the planet. Mongabay Environmental News. https://news.mongabay.com/2011/01/how-genghis-khan-cooled-the-planet/
The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. (2019). Silk Road | Facts, History, & Map. In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Silk-Road-trade-route
(2020). Toursmongolia.com. https://www.toursmongolia.com/mongolia_travel_news/9-must-see-masterpieces-of-mongolian-paintings
References
Cartwright, M. (2019, October 10). Mongol Warfare. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/Mongol_Warfare/
Hays, J. (2012). MONGOLS AND THE SILK ROAD | Facts and Details. Factsanddetails.com. http://factsanddetails.com/china/cat2/sub90/entry-5492.html
Media, S. (2018, March 22). Mongol Trade: Linking East to West - History. History; https://www.historyonthenet.com/mongol-trade-linking-east-to-west
Mongol empire - The period of relative unity (1227–60). (2019). In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Mongol-empire/The-period-of-relative-unity-1227-60
Society, N. G. (2020, July 8). The Pax Mongolica. National Geographic Society. https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/pax-mongolica/
Christian Nakihei
The process of completing this project about empires helped me better understand the influence of nations by showing me how nations make innovations. When nations create innovations, it can change the world around them. Not only can it impact the world that they are in, but it can impact the future of their world as well. For example, democracy in ancient Greece. Although it was not perfect, it was the first documented democracy in history. This set the stone for future nations to establish democracies. In conclusion, nations can influence the world by creating innovations.
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The Mongol Empire’s creation of paper currency shaped the modern world as paper currency is now used by nearly everyone. Most countries have made a paper currency for their citizens to use. Instead of using things like gold and silver to make currency, paper currency is used as it is cheaper to make. It is also lighter and more portable than heavy metal coins. One country that uses paper currency is the United States. From first hand experience, carrying paper money on me instead of heavy coins or objects to trade with people is more efficient. Money can be stored easily as it is thin and light. Money can also be stored in the bank for later use. All in all, the Mongol Empire’s creation of paper money influenced the modern world in a positive way.
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Information:
Green, J. (2012). Wait For It...The Mongols!: Crash Course World History #17 [YouTube Video]. In YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szxPar0BcMo
Cartwright, M. (2019, November 1). Religion in the Mongol Empire. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1469/religion-in-the-mongol-empire/
Matteucci, A. (2011, November 21). Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World. DiploFoundation. https://www.diplomacy.edu/resources/books/reviews/genghis-khan-and-making-modern-world
Blakemore, E. (2019, June 21). Mongols—facts and information. Culture. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/mongols
Balaji Viswanathan. (2015, May 17). Why the Mongols were the greatest empire in world history - Business Insider. Business Insider; Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/why-the-mongols-were-the-greatest-empire-in-world-history-2015-5
Inglis-Arkell, E. (2017, May 9). The Mongols built an empire with one technological breakthrough. Ars Technica; Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/05/the-mongols-built-an-empire-with-one-technological-breakthrough/
Mongol Empire: Special Features - History. (2017, May 11). History. https://www.historyonthenet.com/mongol-empire-special-features
Монголбанк. (n.d.). Bank of Mongolia. Bank of Mongolia. Retrieved June 24, 2021, from https://www.mongolbank.mn/eng/listbanknote.aspx?id=15
Images:
Winchester, S. (2016, December 9). Empire of Tolerance. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/09/books/review/genghis-khan-quest-for-god-jack-weatherford.html
Remus, J. (2019, October 30). Mongolian Ovoo. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/image/11425/mongolian-ovoo/
News, S. G. D. is a D. F. E. at T. (2021, April 21). Religious diversity in Trinity. Trinity News. http://trinitynews.ie/2021/04/religious-diversity-in-trinity/
Shaman drum Tengrism by TulparTurkArtist on DeviantArt. (n.d.). Www.deviantart.com. Retrieved June 25, 2021, from https://www.deviantart.com/tulparturkartist/art/Shaman-drum-Tengrism-688179758
The Ancient Religion of Tengriism. (2019). Discover Mongolia Travel. https://www.discovermongolia.mn/blogs/the-ancient-religion-of-tengriism
Elhassan, K. (2019, February 4). 40 Awe-Inspiring Facts About Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire. HistoryCollection.com. https://historycollection.com/40-awe-inspiring-facts-about-genghis-khan-and-the-mongol-empire/19/
Baker, K. (2016, February 14). Mongolian cowboys show off the riding skills of their forefathers. Mail Online. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3446571/Mongolian-cowboys-riding-skills-forefathers.html
Stirrup. (2021). Metmuseum.org. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/35172
Thunder crash bomb. (2020, April 6). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thunder_crash_bomb
Chinese paper money - Silk-Road.com. (2018). Silk Road. http://www.silk-road.com/artl/papermoney.shtml
Green, J. (2012). Wait For It...The Mongols!: Crash Course World History #17 [YouTube Video]. In YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szxPar0BcMo
Cartwright, M. (2019, November 1). Religion in the Mongol Empire. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1469/religion-in-the-mongol-empire/
Matteucci, A. (2011, November 21). Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World. DiploFoundation. https://www.diplomacy.edu/resources/books/reviews/genghis-khan-and-making-modern-world
Blakemore, E. (2019, June 21). Mongols—facts and information. Culture. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/mongols
Balaji Viswanathan. (2015, May 17). Why the Mongols were the greatest empire in world history - Business Insider. Business Insider; Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/why-the-mongols-were-the-greatest-empire-in-world-history-2015-5
Inglis-Arkell, E. (2017, May 9). The Mongols built an empire with one technological breakthrough. Ars Technica; Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/05/the-mongols-built-an-empire-with-one-technological-breakthrough/
Mongol Empire: Special Features - History. (2017, May 11). History. https://www.historyonthenet.com/mongol-empire-special-features
Монголбанк. (n.d.). Bank of Mongolia. Bank of Mongolia. Retrieved June 24, 2021, from https://www.mongolbank.mn/eng/listbanknote.aspx?id=15
Images:
Winchester, S. (2016, December 9). Empire of Tolerance. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/09/books/review/genghis-khan-quest-for-god-jack-weatherford.html
Remus, J. (2019, October 30). Mongolian Ovoo. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/image/11425/mongolian-ovoo/
News, S. G. D. is a D. F. E. at T. (2021, April 21). Religious diversity in Trinity. Trinity News. http://trinitynews.ie/2021/04/religious-diversity-in-trinity/
Shaman drum Tengrism by TulparTurkArtist on DeviantArt. (n.d.). Www.deviantart.com. Retrieved June 25, 2021, from https://www.deviantart.com/tulparturkartist/art/Shaman-drum-Tengrism-688179758
The Ancient Religion of Tengriism. (2019). Discover Mongolia Travel. https://www.discovermongolia.mn/blogs/the-ancient-religion-of-tengriism
Elhassan, K. (2019, February 4). 40 Awe-Inspiring Facts About Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire. HistoryCollection.com. https://historycollection.com/40-awe-inspiring-facts-about-genghis-khan-and-the-mongol-empire/19/
Baker, K. (2016, February 14). Mongolian cowboys show off the riding skills of their forefathers. Mail Online. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3446571/Mongolian-cowboys-riding-skills-forefathers.html
Stirrup. (2021). Metmuseum.org. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/35172
Thunder crash bomb. (2020, April 6). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thunder_crash_bomb
Chinese paper money - Silk-Road.com. (2018). Silk Road. http://www.silk-road.com/artl/papermoney.shtml
Reese PienaThe two most significant contributions of the Mongol Empire were paper money and new day weapons. The paper money was genius because China was exhausting their metal resources to use on coins, and paper was easily accessible. Nowadays, paper money is a staple and is starting to become the old way to pay. Some people are going paperless and keeping all of their money online and on a card. Modern technology like gunpowder was the highest form of firepower back then. Today, everyone uses gunpowder; if not, then they use chemical warfare. These two contributions also impact today's Hawaii. I know people that are going paperless and people that go to the gun range to shoot guns. It all started thanks to the Mongol Empires' contributions to the world.
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Citations:
Mongol Empire Art. (2021). Mongolianculture.com. http://www.mongolianculture.com/Mongolian-Traditional-Arts.htm
How the Mongols helped preserve culture - Travis Tribune. (2020, August 6). Travis Tribune. https://travistribune.com/how-the-mongols-helped-preserve-culture/
Genghis Khan, Khan, Timur, Lang, Kubilai Khan, John, P., Caliph, Temujin, & Khans. (2013). East Meets West The Mongols. Slideplayer.com. https://slideplayer.com/slide/14150492/
Mongol empire | Facts, History, & Map | Britannica. (2021). In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Mongol-empire
Gunpowder Green Tea. (n.d.). Fava Tea. Retrieved July 2, 2021, from https://favatea.com/product/gunpowder-green-tea/
Society of the Mongol Empire - Wikiwand. (n.d.). Www.wikiwand.com. Retrieved July 2, 2021, from https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Society_of_the_Mongol_Empire
The Silk Road: Looking at Central Eurasia. (n.d.). The PLATO Society. Retrieved July 2, 2021, from https://theplatosociety.org/study-discussion-groups-1/the-silk-road-looking-at-central-eurasia
Mongol Empire Art. (2021). Mongolianculture.com. http://www.mongolianculture.com/Mongolian-Traditional-Arts.htm
How the Mongols helped preserve culture - Travis Tribune. (2020, August 6). Travis Tribune. https://travistribune.com/how-the-mongols-helped-preserve-culture/
Genghis Khan, Khan, Timur, Lang, Kubilai Khan, John, P., Caliph, Temujin, & Khans. (2013). East Meets West The Mongols. Slideplayer.com. https://slideplayer.com/slide/14150492/
Mongol empire | Facts, History, & Map | Britannica. (2021). In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Mongol-empire
Gunpowder Green Tea. (n.d.). Fava Tea. Retrieved July 2, 2021, from https://favatea.com/product/gunpowder-green-tea/
Society of the Mongol Empire - Wikiwand. (n.d.). Www.wikiwand.com. Retrieved July 2, 2021, from https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Society_of_the_Mongol_Empire
The Silk Road: Looking at Central Eurasia. (n.d.). The PLATO Society. Retrieved July 2, 2021, from https://theplatosociety.org/study-discussion-groups-1/the-silk-road-looking-at-central-eurasia
Leaders
Wisdom
Nalani Wooton
This is my iLeader Project talking about Nainoa Thompson, a famous Hawaiian Navigator and Qin Shi Huang, the First Emperor of China. I will share some facts about these two leaders and compare and contrast the two of them.
Hawaiian Leader: Nainoa Thompson
World Leader: Qin Shi Huang
World Leader: Qin Shi Huang
Qin Shi HuangThe most important trait that both leaders share is wisdom. Wisdom is the most important trait because Qin Shi Huang had to be very wise to unite the kingdoms together. He made wise decisions that helped his empire grow and be safe. Qin Shi Huang also had many smart ideas to improve his empire and to help unite the kingdoms. He standardized many things like the Chinese written language, the currency used, the sizing of carts, and the creation of the Great Wall of China. This evidence proves he was a wise leader because these decisions he made helped his empire evolve, and make things more convenient. Since he made the written language standardized, it was easier to communicate between the seven kingdoms because you wouldn't need to translate the writing. It also helped to unite the kingdoms together. It was a smart decision to make the currency the same because it can help traders and buyers because different currencies would have different values, which would make it difficult to remember values and it would be inconvenient for everyone. It was also a smart decision to make all of the carts the same size because when people were traveling through areas that used to be different kingdoms, they didn't have to worry about their cart not fitting on the road. Creating the Great Wall of China was another smart move because it helped to protect his empire from the invading Mongols.
Citations
Brigit Katz. (2017, December 29). 2,000-Year-Old Texts Reveal the First Emperor of China’s Quest for Eternal Life. Smithsonian Magazine; Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/2000-year-old-texts-reveal-first-emperor-chinas-quest-eternal-life-180967671/ Qin Shi Huang | Biography, Accomplishments, Family, United China, Tomb, & Facts | Britannica. (2021). In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Qin-Shi-Huang Kristin Baird Rattini. (2019, June 3). Who was the Chinese emperor behind the terra-cotta warriors? Culture; National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/qin-shi-huangdi |
Nainoa ThompsonWisdom is the most important trait because Nainoa Thompson has a lot of wisdom about navigation, he used that knowledge to teach and lead others. He is able to teach younger generations about navigation by teaching them to observe their surroundings. He teaches them to watch the current/waves, the direction of the wind, the placement of the sun and stars, as well as the animals in the area. This proves he was wise because he has a lot of ancient Hawaiian navigating knowledge. He is able to use the currents and waves to figure out which direction he should head towards to reach land. He needs to pay attention to the wind because the speed of it can change how fast the canoe goes, and it could change the direction of the canoe. Nainoa needs to watch the placement of the sun to figure out where east or west is depending on what time of day it is. He pays attention especially to the stars because they can help him pinpoint exactly where he is in the world. The birds around him can tell him they are close to land. He needs to have lots of wisdom and knowledge to be able to navigate the canoe successfully and safely. Without this knowledge, the crew wouldn't be able to go anywhere because it’s not safe to travel.
Citations
Nainoa Thompson / Long Story Short with Leslie Wilcox - PBS Hawai‘i. (2017, June 8). PBS Hawai‘i. https://www.pbshawaii.org/long-story-short-with-leslie-wilcox-nainoa-thompson/ Nainoa Thompson - Hōkūleʻa. (2018, January 18). Hōkūleʻa. http://www.hokulea.com/crewmember/nainoa-thompson/ Nainoa Thompson. (2021). Hokulea.com. http://archive.hokulea.com/index/founder_and_teachers/nainoa_thompson.html |
Kuleana
Christian Nakihei
In this video I will talk about the trait of kuleana that Emperor Meiji and Kumu Hina have. I also compare and contrast how these leaders display kuleana.
Hawaiian Leader: Kumu Hina, Hinaleimoana
World Leader: Emperor Meiji
Hawaiian Leader: Kumu Hina, Hinaleimoana
World Leader: Emperor Meiji
Kumu Hina, HinaleimoanaKuleana: To reshape the social, economic, political, and cultural character of their nation. Kumu Hina has a major influence on Hawaiian culture and the people of Hawaiʻi. Kumu Hina came out with a film titled “A Place in the Middle.” This film tells a story about a girl who wants to lead an all-male hula group. She was able to tell the true meaning of māhū through this film. Kumu Hina also appears at many Hawaiian cultural events such as the protests at Mauna kea. Kumu Hina reshaped the culture of Hawaiʻi teaching her knowledge to others. She brought back the true meaning of māhū, a people in Hawaiʻi that was almost forgotten when missionaries arrived. Hina revitalized her culture in other ways as well. She appears at the Mauna kea protests to chant and show her support. She created the oli “Kū Haʻaheo” which became the anthem for those protesting at Mauna kea. Kumu Hina directed and produced the film “Kapaemahu.” This film tells the ancient story (that again, was almost forgotten) of four māhū putting their healing energy into four stones. Kumu Hina’s influence on Hawaiian culture is strong and reshapes the way native Hawaiians see and practice their culture.
Citations
Assunção, M. (2021, June 21). Rainbow Roadmap: What to do, where to be, when to go to celebrate Pride Month 2021 across the country. Nydailynews.com. http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/ny-rainbow-roadmap-queer-agenda-guide-lgbtq-pride-what-to-do-round-up-20210610-7wm7cp5havchtccjzwa76undmi-story.html Home. (n.d.). Kumu Hina. https://kumuhina.com/ Cheung, A. (2021, April 15). Meet Native Hawaiian Māhū Activist Hinaleimoana Kwai Kong Wong-Kalu. Atmos. https://atmos.earth/kapaemahu-hinaleimoana-kwai-kong-wong-kalu-film-interview/ |
Emperor MeijiKuleana: To reshape the social, economic, political, and cultural character of their nation. Emperor Meiji’s most notable trait was kuleana. He was able to change what was once a nation filled with civil wars, to one of the most powerful countries in the world. Meiji was able to achieve this by reconstructing Japan’s political system which united Japan. He defeated the Shoguns, corrupt military leaders that controlled Japan. After doing this, Meiji was able to create a new constitution and allowed non-royal people to have political power. Emperor Meiji possessed the trait of Kuleana, which allowed him to become a great leader. Japan’s old feudal society that shut the outside world out, was washed away when Meiji took the throne. He gained knowledge from western powers and took inspiration from them. The Shoguns previously controlled Japan but Meiji stopped them. From there, he wrote a new constitution and provided his country with innovations such as rail. Later he gave non-royals political power, which sparked the start of democracy in Japan.
Citations
Meiji Restoration | Definition, History, & Facts. (n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Meiji-Restoration#ref331819. Meiji Period in Japan. (2019). Facing History and Ourselves. https://www.facinghistory.org/nanjing-atrocities/nation-building/meiji-period-japan Mutsuhito Facts. (2010). Yourdictionary.com. https://biography.yourdictionary.com/mutsuhito |
Kūlia i ka Nuʻu
Skyler Remata
Hawaiian Leader: Palani Vaughan
World Leader: Oda Nobunaga
World Leader: Oda Nobunaga
Oda NobunagaAll of Oda Nobunaga’s traits as a leader are important, but the most important trait is definitely “Kūlia Ka Nuʻu,” which refers to achievement. Oda Nobunaga had achieved many things in his life, a lot of which changed Japan to its core. While his intelligence and way of unifying strong figures was remarkable, the achievements he achieved using the power he had far out performs his other traits. Well what did he do exactly? For one, Oda Nobunaga overthrew the shogunate (at the time) of Japan. The shogunate is similar to an emperor, but instead controls the entire military force instead of leading the people. Secondly, he almost completely united most of Japan. Emphasis on almost, since when he died his sons had to finish the job but it's still quite impressive. All this evidence further proves how amazing his feats were, especially considering how he rose to power with a measly army with numbers lower than 5,000. While yes, a good intelligent leader who can unite people under him is very important, if that leader doesn’t achieve much what was the point? Oda Nobunaga had achieved many feats I didn’t even mention, like defecting an army 40,000 people strong to his side, or even almost taking down the religion of Buddhism.
References
Ebisawa, A. (2019). Oda Nobunaga | Japanese warrior | Britannica. In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Oda-Nobunaga Hays, J. (2016). ODA NOBUNAGA | Facts and Details. Factsanddetails.com. http://factsanddetails.com/japan/cat16/sub107/entry-5322.html Oda Nobunaga - New World Encyclopedia. (2019). Newworldencyclopedia.org. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Oda_Nobunaga |
Palani Vaughan Palani Vaughan was a musician and still a leader. He maybe was not as powerful (military wise) as Oda Nobunaga, but he still achieved many things similarly to Oda Nobunaga. Palani Vaughan has written many songs and created many albums, many of which were tributes to old monarchs and Hawaiian royalty from the past. Palani Vaughan had typically written tributes to King Kalākaua though. He was also a historian of some kind. Since he loved to make tributes to Hawaiian royalty, he had also spent a lot of time researching them. He had also graduated with a bachelor’s degree in fine arts, as well and receiving multiple Hoku Awards, and finally making it into Hawaiʻi’s hall of fame. While his achievements aren’t quite as grand as Oda Nobunaga’s, he still managed to create really impressive music and achieve many impressive things in his life. He was recognized eventually as a fantastic musical artist, even if it did take a while.
References
[email protected], B. L. F., & Dec. 8, 2016. (2016, December 9). Hawaiian music legend Palani Vaughan dies. Honolulu Star-Advertiser. https://www.staradvertiser.com/2016/12/08/breaking-news/hawaiian-music-legend-palani-vaughan-dies/ Palani Vaughan. (n.d.). Mauinews.com. Retrieved June 19, 2021, from https://www.mauinews.com/life/maui-beat/2013/07/palani-vaughan/ |
Resilient Under Pressure
Reese Piena
Hawaiian Leader: Queen Liliʻukalani
World Leader: Hirohito Shōwa
World Leader: Hirohito Shōwa
Queen LiliuokalaniThe Queen was able to make the momentous decision to give up the monarchy with a gun aimed at her head. The United States forced Kalakaua to sign the Bayonet Constitution. Liliʻuokalani did not approve or agree with this. Even with all her efforts of flying to Washington to try and convince President Cleveland to allow the Hawaiian Monarchy to stand, he would not allow it.
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Hirohito ShōwaDuring WWII, after the US bombed Japan, Hirohito needed to surrender. There were too many casualties that would take years to recover from. So, he signed the paper to officially surrender to the US, which ultimately ended the war. That's just hard because Japan was pretty dominant during WWII, but all of that was just to surrender. But hey, that's war for you.
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