From Evolution to Revolution
It is important to understand the shift from the native skill set of being “hunter/gatherer & farming our own food”. A major reason to focus on these various skills when it comes to food is the knowledge gained from the lifestyle of hunter gatherers/ farmers. For a vast majority of our existence, homo sapiens were hunter-gatherers which then evolved into farming, the domestication of plants and animals for sustenance. This understanding helps us to balance and navigate the push to buy local. Smart buying doesn’t always mean being dependent on outsourcing and purchasing items brought in from Matson or any other out of state companies. Buying local doesn't just help the local economy and contributes to help pay local businesses and employees, but the products are more fresh than if they are shipped in. Locally grown foods taste and look better because the crops are harvested and picked at their peak. Getting a good education on hunter/gatherer and farmers can influence a better education and a better career, and help to support the needs or our ʻohana in 2020/2021 and beyond.
Akana, M. (2020). Evolution, Collective Learning & Agrarian Societies on 2020-08-29, CNOTES2. CNOTES2: Evolution, Collective Learning & Agrarian Societies
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The opposing ideas of “native traditions of foraging/hunter gathering” and “modern Agricultural societies” have a complicated impact on poverty/inequality in Hawai’i. Hunter gathering isn’t able to support the large population that we have today, but agriculture is what allowed our population to grow to what it is. And with more demand for land and resources, it becomes more expensive which leads to poverty. There are a lot of challenges that we have today in regards to this. We no longer have the infrastructure to support our islands and are forced to import the vast majority of our food. Bringing back the use of fish ponds and other native techniques could help alleviate the problem of high food prices which contributes to poverty. However, acquiring all the resources/land needed to produce more of our own food would cost quite a bit. This would initially drive up the price of food to the point where those in poverty would be unable to easily afford it.
The Impacts of Religion, Culture, Enlightenment,
& Exchanges through Expansion
Given what we learned about Europe’s Dark Ages, a lot of other parts of the world were not experiencing their own “Dark Ages”, or it wasn't as “dark” compared to Europe’s. For example, for the Islamic world, they were able to expand out of Arabia into Egypt provinces of the Byzantines and the entire Sasanian Empire. In addition the Tang Dynasty in China was increasing their trade throughout Asia and innovated money into paper money. Power shift from the Roman Empire to the Middle Ages was a huge change, and one of the four reasons discussed in the video, to why the dark ages made Europe so “dark”. The power shifted to feudalism, a political system based on reciprocal relationships. Feudalism was biased, and because of this, it caused a dominant social group of rankings based on connections. Power shift is important because it shows how unbalanced and unfair power was between Europeans. For example, in the feudalism system the highest, powerful individual was the king, then the lords who owned lots of lands, next to the vassals who protected the lands, and lastly were the peasants who did the actual work and labor like farming, harvesting, etc. Thus, resulting in an unjust society because a peasant could never work their way up to becoming a lord.
Akana, M.H. (2020). Moʻolelo Honua -Crash Course 14 & 15 Critical Thinking Questions: Dark Ages, Crusades. FlippedLecture. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZHW0My-pHS7NOsvjsQjxgjJVjYWELEGxl6OoSA-S1u0/edit
Green, J. (2012). The Crusades - Pilgrimage or Holy War?: Crash Course World History #15. CrashCourse. https://nerdfighteria.info/v/X0zudTQelzI
Google Search. (n.d.). Retrieved April 20, 2021, from https://www.google.com/search?q=Government%2Bmiddle%2Bage&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiAmuSK5Y3wAhVkN30KHTzZD54Q2-cCegQIABAA&oq=Government%2Bmiddle%2Bage&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQA1D8A1i_JmDSJ2gAcAB4AIABAIgBAJIBAJgBEKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=r0p_YMCGEeTu9AO8sr_wCQ&bih=741&biw=1440&rlz=1C5GCEM_enUS937US939&safe=active#imgrc=KgoWIQzOoZ-Qe
Green, J. (2012). The Crusades - Pilgrimage or Holy War?: Crash Course World History #15. CrashCourse. https://nerdfighteria.info/v/X0zudTQelzI
Google Search. (n.d.). Retrieved April 20, 2021, from https://www.google.com/search?q=Government%2Bmiddle%2Bage&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiAmuSK5Y3wAhVkN30KHTzZD54Q2-cCegQIABAA&oq=Government%2Bmiddle%2Bage&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQA1D8A1i_JmDSJ2gAcAB4AIABAIgBAJIBAJgBEKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=r0p_YMCGEeTu9AO8sr_wCQ&bih=741&biw=1440&rlz=1C5GCEM_enUS937US939&safe=active#imgrc=KgoWIQzOoZ-Qe
The events of Exploration and Exchanges that occur during the period of this Silk Roads impact our Kahiau Issue globally by helping people in the economy. The Silk Roads allowed others to trade and exchange allowing for the spread of cultures and traditions. The desire or need for items allowed others to produce that need creating a new market. This affects the issue of poverty globally by introducing exploration to others allowing them to increase their wealth. This affects our issue locally as Hawaii makes money from people traveling here.
Google search. (n.d.). Retrieved April 20, 2021, from https://www.google.com/search?q=silk%2Broad&safe=active&rlz=1C5GCEM_enUS937US939&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiwoobP543wAhU0GTQIHS5SChEQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1440&bih=742#imgrc=taM8BAuv8StyIM
Religious practice in medieval Europe was largely dominated by the Catholic Church. The medieval church was full of corruption which led to reformers like the Cathari and Waldenses sects who were promptly defined as heretical and forced into hiding by the Catholic Church. Jews were even confined to ghettos and segregated in the 14th and 15th century. The church had turned Christianity into doctrines and laws which were articulated and controlled by the hierarchy that saw the doctrine as divine truth. And during that time, few would dare argue with the official teachings of the church. The church regulated an individual’s life from birth to death and was even thought to hold control of the person’s soul in the afterlife. The church was seen as the manifestation of God’s will on Earth and its dictates were not to be questioned, even when it was clear that many in the clergy were acting more so in their own interests rather than that of their god. Change came to this system when the Black Death hit in 1347 CE. People began to doubt the power of the clergy when they were unable to stop people from dying and the plague from spreading. Nevertheless, the church continued to crush dissent, silence reformers, and massacre heretical sects until the Protestant Reformation which allowed for more freedom of thought and religious expression. Throughout all this, there was a new wave of creativity centered around Christianity. Christianity became more cultural almost as much as it was about faith. This can be seen throughout the many cathedrals, manuscript, and art centered around Christianity. This can connect to poverty in Hawai’i through the missionaries. The missionaries came and took a lot of land from Hawaiians which is definitely a big contributor to the high percentage of native Hawaiians in poverty. The missionaries, like the many of the clergy, cared more about gaining power and wealth rather than helping the people of Hawai’i and held few qualms about taking the land of the Hawaiians. This is one of the causes of the massive percentage of Hawaiian's in poverty.
Colombe, J. (2018, October 19). Urban II at the Council of Clermont. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/9356/urban-ii-at-the-council-of-clermont/
Crow, P. A., Chadwick, H., Marty, M. E., Sullivan, L. E., Fredericksen, L., Lindberg, C. H., Hick, J., McGinn, B. G., Pelikan, J. J., Hogg, W. R., Spencer, S., Stefon, M., Wainwright, G., & Benz, E. W. (2020, November 26). Christianity - Medieval and Reformation views. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity/Medieval-and-Reformation-views
Mark, J. J. (2021, April 13). The Medieval Church. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/Medieval_Church/
Crow, P. A., Chadwick, H., Marty, M. E., Sullivan, L. E., Fredericksen, L., Lindberg, C. H., Hick, J., McGinn, B. G., Pelikan, J. J., Hogg, W. R., Spencer, S., Stefon, M., Wainwright, G., & Benz, E. W. (2020, November 26). Christianity - Medieval and Reformation views. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity/Medieval-and-Reformation-views
Mark, J. J. (2021, April 13). The Medieval Church. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/Medieval_Church/
It is important to understand history because history connects the past to the present, which shapes our future. History has value and contributes to finding solutions to our modern-day challenges. By studying History, we become more engaged in what has happened in our world and use the knowledge to learn, grow, and not make the same mistakes. Studying history allows us to identify trends or patterns, how they occurred, and how the problems are solved; exploring the how and why. We can use history to find solutions to our modern-day problems. Since we learn from history, we can alter or not follow the same trend, for example: homelessness in Hawaiʻi due to gender inequality. Poverty in Hawaiʻi is one thing, the main causes are due to huge population growth, and the need for more resources and fight over land. This is due to unaffordable housing, low wages, unemployment, overpopulation, and much more. However, gender inequality is a huge issue that is slowly being looked at. Gender bias in workspaces and unequal pay (pay gap between men and women) has been an issue that people are now realizing and coming to the realization of. We learn from history and are coming up with solutions to help these problems. There are numerous organizations, movements, and activists that educate individuals on the issues of poverty due to gender inequality.
Google search. (n.d.). Retrieved April 20, 2021, from https://www.google.com/search?q=history&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjj-NiT6I3wAhUsBDQIHbFBAxYQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=history&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQA1CMqwFY_7EBYK20AWgAcAB4AIABAIgBAJIBAJgBAqABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=501_YKPpEKyI0PEPsYONsAE&bih=742&biw=1440&rlz=1C5GCEM_enUS937US939&safe=active#imgrc=Ab1gOTuZwT2aIM
Akana, M.H. (2020). Lā 1D SY20-21: Why Study History? Flipgrid. https://flipgrid.com/92b3c3a2
Akana, M.H. (2020). Lā 1D SY20-21: Why Study History? Flipgrid. https://flipgrid.com/92b3c3a2
Competition for Resources in a Global Society
From what we have learned WW1 was not the “War to End all Wars”. WW1 set itself up for other wars in the future due to all the blame being put to the Central powers mainly being Germany. “The War to End all Wars,” was a first as it involved multiple nations siding with each other compared to a one on one war.
I think that World War 1 was not the War to End all Wars. It was called that because of the amount of deaths and slaughter that had occurred had come to an end. Unfortunately, wars had gone on. The treaty made after WW1 had forced punitive terms onto Germany that destabilized Europe that led to “groundwork” for World War 2. Ironic right? It had actually caused the making of more wars to come. There are still wars that are going on today and are in the making.
I think that World War 1 was not the War to End all Wars. It was called that because of the amount of deaths and slaughter that had occurred had come to an end. Unfortunately, wars had gone on. The treaty made after WW1 had forced punitive terms onto Germany that destabilized Europe that led to “groundwork” for World War 2. Ironic right? It had actually caused the making of more wars to come. There are still wars that are going on today and are in the making.
Akana, M.H. (2020). The Great Depression & WW2. FlippedLecture. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1feYSm_6UCPTup7LeOFwIQwQxnl4uSlDX8nI5RbJldpI/edit?usp=sharing
It does make sense that these turn of events that humans used were skills that almost eliminated themselves. During the economic crisis from the Great Depression following World War I, these events caused devastating effects in countries both rich and poor. WW1 was the cause of this extreme economic fallout, the effects and aftermath of WW1 almost eliminated themselves, they caused their own downfall. The greed for money, power, new technology, and more was the pitiful motivation that led up to a terrible repercussion and outcome. The factors, causes, and impacts of World War I and World War II continue to play a part in our Kahiau issue of homelessness, and overall, many sustainability issues at the GLobal level. As we learned in the lecture, World War II started due to the poor economic outcomes from World War I, plus the competition for resources. Due to these two main factors, it caused much poverty and disgruntled populations and a national craziness for greed and dominance from many countries. After World War I many countries, both the “winning” and “losing” sides faced a huge outbreak in their economy and lack of resources leading to the Great Depression. Connecting to present day, similar enough, The Great Depression connects to current issues including Covid-19. Today, due to the Coronavirus, there is over 30% of unemployment much like how during the Great Depression unemployment in the US rose to 25% and in other countries rose as high as 33%.
Akana, M.H. (2020). The Great Depression & WW2. FlippedLecture. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1feYSm_6UCPTup7LeOFwIQwQxnl4uSlDX8nI5RbJldpI/edit?usp=sharing
n/a. (2020, April 22). World faces worst crisis since Great Depression. TheDay: UK international. https://theday.co.uk/stories/world-faces-worst-crisis-since-great-depression
n/a. (2020, April 22). World faces worst crisis since Great Depression. TheDay: UK international. https://theday.co.uk/stories/world-faces-worst-crisis-since-great-depression
A lesson that we can take away from World War 1 &2 and the Interwar Period is that a bad peace just means no war. When World War 1 “ended” with the Treaty of Versailles, there was still conflict. The Germans were heavily penalized in reparations for the first world war which led to them harboring ill feelings. This led to increased German nationalism with a particular hatred for the Jewish people which is one of the causes for World War 2. And even though it “ended” in 1918, there wasn’t much of a break in the east where violent conflict continued for years which included the Russian Civil war which claimed millions of lives.
Akana, M.H. (2020). The Great Depression & WW2. FlippedLecture. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1feYSm_6UCPTup7LeOFwIQwQxnl4uSlDX8nI5RbJldpI/edit?usp=sharing
Moser, J. Hahn, L. (2009, November 13). Lesson 3: U.S. Neutrality and the War in Europe, 1939-1940. EDSITEment! https://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plans/lesson-3-us-neutrality-and-war-europe-1939-1940
Moser, J. Hahn, L. (2009, November 13). Lesson 3: U.S. Neutrality and the War in Europe, 1939-1940. EDSITEment! https://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plans/lesson-3-us-neutrality-and-war-europe-1939-1940
Group Reflection
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Community is significant especially here in Hawaiʻi. Community has taught me important lessons of unity, identity, giving back, and overall, improving the quality of life. My role as Pua a Pauahi within my community is being a prime example of all these lessons. To be a model for leadership and continuing to collaborate and learn more on how to identify and solve issues in my community. The idea of aloha kekahi i kekahi is how I would sum up the importance of community, love one another. I can be an advocate for such ideas as the UN Sustainability Goals within and for the communities that I come from my volunteering, supporting local businesses, always looking for a way to lend a helping hand. I live in Hawaii Kai, the east side of Oʻahu which is surrounded by beautiful beaches, Makapuʻu, Waimanalo, Sandys, etc. There are numerous volunteer events to help clean the beach, this is helping to keep the beach clean of waste and plastic, keeping the sea creatures healthy, and maintaining our stunning beaches to thrive. As well, there are so many food banks that are helping with our vital homelessness problem in Hawaiʻi. The food banks including Hawaii Food Bank and Aloha Harvest are both local non-profit organizations that collect canned goods and assist volunteers in helping to pass out food, helping to nourish our community.
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What I have learned about my own role as Pua a Pauahi and a future graduate of Kamehameha within my community that I come from is that we should always strive to do what makes us happy but others as well. Instilling light and love into othersʻ lives. Doing the most for others while we still can. Giving back to the community as theyʻve given so much to us. Even if there are people who may dislike or be against what weʻre doing, we should still try and make a difference.
The way I can best utilize the opportunities and gift of education I receive as a student on this campus to contribute to and advocate for such ideals as the UN Sustainability Goals within and for the communities that you come from is by putting my words into action. In this kahiau group, we are focused on poverty and gender inequality and ways that I can put my words into action could be by creating campaigns, creating awareness in videos or rallies, participating in food drives, homeless shelters, and much more. Especially being weʻre at Kamehameha and are given so much opportunities, we should take advantage of the time we have here. Even just having a normal conversation with someone can create an impact on one and many others’ lives. Thatʻs what we should strive to do. Making an impact on other’s lives and bringing light and positivity to others. I feel thatʻs what Pauahi made this school for. Not only to perpetuate the Hawaiian culture, but to also inspire us and give us opportunities to help the ʻaina, the people, and spread aloha. |
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What I have learned as a Pua a Pauahi and a future graduate of Kamehameha are lessons about the importance of identity, culture, and giving back. My role as a Pua a Pauahi is to be an example of these lessons within my community. The best way for me to utilize the opportunities and gift of education that I received as a student to contribute to and advocate for such ideals such as the UN Sustainability Goals within my community is to take whatever opportunity I can to further myself and then reinvest it into the community. As a student of Kamehameha, it is my duty to try to make a positive impact on those around me.
Courtenay, B. (1998). The Power of One. Penguin Group Australia. Bernice Pauahi Bishop. (n.d.). [Photograph]. Kamehameha Schools. https://www.ksbe.edu/foundersday/ |