Sust'āinability: To Infinity and Beyond!
Mughal Empire
The Agricultural Revolution to the Industrial Revolution had a good impact on Mughal. I wouldnʻt consider this a “challenge” because sustainability is what our topic is focusing on. The Agricultural Revolution sets us up for the Scientific and Industrial Revolutions because it was the start of trying to live a good and healthy life. The change from hunting and gathering to farming helped the people have more food for more people since the population was growing. Although many started to move to cities in search of jobs for money, the economy was growing in a positive way.
Although the ongoing flux of the Industrial Age comes with an increase in labor, there are still many negative effects due to the building of factories as well as the pollution that they send out. It’s very common for factories to give off greenhouse gasses due to the burning of fossil fuels. This, of course, affects the environment and largely contributes to climate change. East Asia (where the Mughul Empire would be today) currently experiences a large amount of pollution due to the burning of fossil fuels and biogenic emissions
This impacts our challenge in Hawaiʻi through nonstop development on our islands. The Agricultural revolution was what our ancestors grew up with as they had ʻahupuaʻa and family land to take care of. They farmed their kalo, they built fishponds, and they took care of animals and made sure they had enough food and resources to live off of. The Scientific Revolution was kind of there as we learned how to navigate using the stars, wind, sun, and waves. The Industrial Revolution came when Captain Cook arrived at our islands. Then, things like buildings, factories, and all the modern things we have now have come with him. It affects our challenge because, for a very long time, Hawaiians have had a successful time living with only what they had before because they had the resources they needed. Now, there are barely any more resources because of all the new buildings going up and so forth.
Although the ongoing flux of the Industrial Age comes with an increase in labor, there are still many negative effects due to the building of factories as well as the pollution that they send out. It’s very common for factories to give off greenhouse gasses due to the burning of fossil fuels. This, of course, affects the environment and largely contributes to climate change. East Asia (where the Mughul Empire would be today) currently experiences a large amount of pollution due to the burning of fossil fuels and biogenic emissions
This impacts our challenge in Hawaiʻi through nonstop development on our islands. The Agricultural revolution was what our ancestors grew up with as they had ʻahupuaʻa and family land to take care of. They farmed their kalo, they built fishponds, and they took care of animals and made sure they had enough food and resources to live off of. The Scientific Revolution was kind of there as we learned how to navigate using the stars, wind, sun, and waves. The Industrial Revolution came when Captain Cook arrived at our islands. Then, things like buildings, factories, and all the modern things we have now have come with him. It affects our challenge because, for a very long time, Hawaiians have had a successful time living with only what they had before because they had the resources they needed. Now, there are barely any more resources because of all the new buildings going up and so forth.
Newsroom, A. (2019). Air Pollution In East Asia Driven By Western Consumption: Study. Retrieved 14 November 2019, from https://www.asianscientist.com/2016/09/in-the-lab/aerosol-admissions-east-asia-climate-change/
Connection to Place. (2019). Retrieved 15 November 2019, from https://dashboard.hawaii.gov/stat/goals/5xhf-begg/ezet-axai/gqps-vyp8
Kirk, Ashley. The Telegraph, Telegraph Media Group, 3 Mar. 2017, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/03/uk-population-largest-europe-2050-driven-immigration-ageing/.
Connection to Place. (2019). Retrieved 15 November 2019, from https://dashboard.hawaii.gov/stat/goals/5xhf-begg/ezet-axai/gqps-vyp8
Kirk, Ashley. The Telegraph, Telegraph Media Group, 3 Mar. 2017, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/03/uk-population-largest-europe-2050-driven-immigration-ageing/.
UN Sustainability Goals
6. Avoid Wasting Water
7. Use Only Energy-Efficient Appliances and Light Bulbs
12. Recycle Paper, Plastic, Glass and Aluminum
7. Use Only Energy-Efficient Appliances and Light Bulbs
12. Recycle Paper, Plastic, Glass and Aluminum
In reflecting on the Exploration, Exchanges & Expansion concepts, which of the 4 major concepts impacted globalization to set up your Kahiau Project topic?
Which continues to impact your Kahiau Project topic the most today?
We think that exchanges impact our Kahiau Project topic the most today because of the constant need for new material and objects that other countries want to buy from this empire, they need to keep selling and keep making which leads to using all the material to make it which eventually ends up meaning they run out. Our topic is sustainability so weʻre focusing on trying to keep all of our resources alive and available.
How do we see these impacts of exchanges now in modern America and Modern Hawaii?
Due to exchanges, we see that Hawaiʻi is heavily dependent on shipments (exchanges) which are imported from the mainland. This also means that the costs of products in Hawaiʻi are a lot more expensive due to tax.
Give Examples of How can we be prepared to handle your selected "challenge"/Project with these given exchanges in a (1) Independent Hawaiian Nation as well as (2) the current government in Hawaii?
The best way to prepare for our challenge on sustainability in Hawaiʻi’s current government is to begin to look into locally grown and sourced foods as well as the best way to get energy (electricity, gasoline, etc.,) without the burning of fossil fuels. It would also be a good idea for people to begin looking into how they can lower their waste.
If Hawaiʻi were an independent nation the first thing to focus on would be food sourcing. Hawaiʻi already has an excellent water system, but as stated before Hawaiʻi is heavily reliant on imports for food. Therefore, it is important that people understand agriculture and the sourcing of their food. Another important thing would be electricity and gas. It is not ideal to be using power plants, so we would need to find an alternative.
What are some solutions or government positions to have in place?
Some solutions we feel that will help our problem would be to try to use more sustainable alternatives for things such as gas, water, etc. We also think that it would be a good idea to limit the use of things such as single-use plastics, as well as other materials that take a long time to biodegrade. It would important to introduce alternatives to these as well.
- Exploration: Resources played a large part in European exploration. A big reason why over water trade began was due to the lessened tax on resources. However, our resources from then and even now are not managed well. For example, gas is made of crude oil which is pumped from the ground. However, it takes millions of years for this oil to build up. We are currently using up this oil faster than it can replenish itself. The same goes for some parts of the world and their watersheds.
- Exchanges: Unsustainable use of the land in order to fund and cultivate cash crops led to the disuse of many parts of the land, and dried up rivers, streams, etc.
- Native People as the WorkForce: Today, the main cash crop of Hawaiʻi is tourism. It is the native people who are often guiding, performing, etc., for visitors. There are many people who rely on tourism for a living, however, visitors have a large impact on the economy as well as the environment. It is important that Hawaiʻi adopt sustainable tourism or else there will continue to be an impact on energy, food, waste, and resource management.
- Colonization: Despite all of the bad things that came from colonization, we would not be able to have so much interconnectedness that we have now. That being said, it is important that we learn from native people how to sustainably use the land as they had/have done for many years. This is important if we want to continue to function in the future.
Which continues to impact your Kahiau Project topic the most today?
We think that exchanges impact our Kahiau Project topic the most today because of the constant need for new material and objects that other countries want to buy from this empire, they need to keep selling and keep making which leads to using all the material to make it which eventually ends up meaning they run out. Our topic is sustainability so weʻre focusing on trying to keep all of our resources alive and available.
How do we see these impacts of exchanges now in modern America and Modern Hawaii?
Due to exchanges, we see that Hawaiʻi is heavily dependent on shipments (exchanges) which are imported from the mainland. This also means that the costs of products in Hawaiʻi are a lot more expensive due to tax.
Give Examples of How can we be prepared to handle your selected "challenge"/Project with these given exchanges in a (1) Independent Hawaiian Nation as well as (2) the current government in Hawaii?
The best way to prepare for our challenge on sustainability in Hawaiʻi’s current government is to begin to look into locally grown and sourced foods as well as the best way to get energy (electricity, gasoline, etc.,) without the burning of fossil fuels. It would also be a good idea for people to begin looking into how they can lower their waste.
If Hawaiʻi were an independent nation the first thing to focus on would be food sourcing. Hawaiʻi already has an excellent water system, but as stated before Hawaiʻi is heavily reliant on imports for food. Therefore, it is important that people understand agriculture and the sourcing of their food. Another important thing would be electricity and gas. It is not ideal to be using power plants, so we would need to find an alternative.
What are some solutions or government positions to have in place?
Some solutions we feel that will help our problem would be to try to use more sustainable alternatives for things such as gas, water, etc. We also think that it would be a good idea to limit the use of things such as single-use plastics, as well as other materials that take a long time to biodegrade. It would important to introduce alternatives to these as well.
Enlightenment, Industrialization, Colonization & Imperialism
The two philosophers that we think relate the most to our project would have to be Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon and Immanuel Kant. Georges was known for having his theory about how a comet struck the sun and all of the pieces that came off were the planets that we know in the solar system today. With this in mind, he also concluded that earth was initially scorching hot, but later cooled down and clouds formed and rained down to make oceans and so forth. This relates to our Kahiau project topic because it shows how everything in space have a natural way for everything to work out. Things happen that we canʻt explain and thatʻs because itʻs all in nature. Our topic is sustainability and what that talks about is learning to live and survive with the natural resources we have without destroying the Earth completely.
The second philosopher that related to our topic the most was Immanuel Kant. His contribution to the Enlightenment was that he believed that human freedom had to do with moral responsibility. Meaning that he believed that humans could be free to do whatever we want, as long as weʻre responsible. This has to do with our project because the only reason sustainability is a problem in the first place is because us humans arenʻt being responsible and pretty much taking advantage of the Earth thinking that all of our natural resources are endless. Being morally responsible means that we also need to take care of ourselves as well before we can take care of anything else.
The Industrial Revolution made way for new discoveries and creations in technology. From the Industrial Revolution comes the building blocks of all the energy produced even today. That is the steam engine. However, in it’s more humble beginnings there was water power, which used water in order to perform tasks. But with new resources come new energies. This is what leads to steam engines. Steam engines use coal, sulfuric acid, and lead. Despite it being hundreds of years since the first steam engine, steam and coal have never been improved upon. The use of steam engines and unsustainable use and sourcing of coal has contributed to environmental issues greatly.
Two propelling factors that affect our Kahiau issue in relation to the Era of Expansion were trading and cash crops as a result of that. Part of expansion had to do with the trading of goods across the Silk Road, as well as Italy and North Europe. The need for goods and resources is also a leading factor as to why many countries expanded. When these people went to new countries/areas these places often became cash crops. The unsustainable use of land in order to foster these cash crops is what led to the diversion of water, and exhaustion of the land for future generations. It also drove out native species from these lands.
One of the most important propelling factor that most impacted our Kahiau Project as a result of the Era of Imperialization is how sustainability history follows man-dominated ecological systems from the earliest cultures into the present.This trend is characterized by a particular society's increased regional prosperity, accompanied by crises which have either been resolved, creating stabilization or not leading to decline. In early human history, the use of fire and the demand for specific foods may have shifted.
Sutori. American Imperialism in China.