The Malthusian Flux Theory connects to the current Black Lives Matter movement through this central idea of poverty and degradation. This modern revolution is about demanding justice and equality for people of color, while also eradicating white supremacy and police brutality. White supremacy, and what some refer to as white privilege, is associated with the Malthusian Flux through the inaccessibility of resources. The theory states that the limited availability of resources will result in poverty, and this has proven to be very true. African Americans, in particular, have the highest poverty rate among racial and ethnic groups, making up one-fourth of the nation’s poverty population. In 2018 alone, the total number of Blacks and African Americans facing poverty in America totaled over nine million. This is because people of color, many of whom are participating in the Black Lives Matter protests, have less access to essential resources than those who are White because of racial inequality. African Americans also have a lower wealth production rate and more commonly rely on the income of multiple family members to support a single household, compared to Whites. This is proof that as overpopulation continues to occur, people are competing for resources, and inequality is becoming more prevalent, especially in Black communities. Therefore, this also shows that white supremacy is directly connected to the Malthusian Flux Theory. The Malthusian Flux, Colonization, Imperialism, and World War collectively relate to my Kahiau project issue of global climate change both here in Hawaiʻi and across the globe. The Malthusian Flux Theory connects to climate change through natural disasters. This theory talks about how overpopulation can be controlled with global disasters that impact populations and the availability of resources for people within them. Climate change is related to this because it creates many disasters that directly affect people and their access to these essential resources. These include droughts and famines that result in both poverty and death. Additionally, colonization and imperialism connect to climate change because they globalized the issue, therefore, globalizing the effects of it as well. In the 19th century, European colonizers and imperialists conquered lands owned by people of color (POC) to secure resources for industrialization. With these resources, they expanded empires, built colonies, and established industries. However, this perpetuated climate change because these industries both produced CO2 and utilized fossil fuels that release CO2. As Europeans became dominant, they built more industries across the globe. However, this also meant more CO2 entering Earth’s atmosphere, accelerating climate change. Lastly, World War relates to climate change because many militaries also created industries that produced CO2. But, the most significant effect of war is regarding nationalism. Wars throughout history introduced this mindset of nationalism, which still exists today. However, this is stopping people from addressing climate change. Nationalists focus on their own interests, therefore, they do not support the “one planet” concept. But, climate change is a global issue, therefore, it requires collaboration and multilateralism, which nationalists refuse to give, perpetuating the problem. Akana, H. (2020, June 27). Imperialism, Modern Warfare & Identity Crisis. Lecture presented at Kamehameha Kapālama Summer School. Retrieved June 27, 2020, from https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kn7DaWeO8KI2kblnAQXYfbFRYyLCUg0B/view
Akana, H. (2020, June 30). The First Big Fight: How, When, Why, Then, What? Lecture presented at Kamehameha Kapālama Summer School. Retrieved June 30, 2020, from https://drive.google.com/file/d/16wi9aEf8zOQzD9eoq-4sbn5HRW4h7xDr/view. Assari, S. (2017). Unequal Gain of Equal Resources across Racial Groups. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 7(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2017.90 Black Lives Matter. (2019). About. Retrieved from Black Lives Matter website: https://blacklivesmatter.com/about/ Conversi, D. (2020). The Ultimate Challenge: Nationalism and Climate Change. Nationalities Papers, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1017/nps.2020.18 CrashCourse. (2012). Archdukes, Cynicism, and World War I: Crash Course World History #36. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_XPZQ0LAlR4 CrashCourse. (2014). HOW World War I Started: Crash Course World History 209. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cd2ch4XV84s Derviş, K. (2020, January 9). When climate activism and nationalism collide. Retrieved June 30, 2020, from Brookings website: https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/when-climate-activism-and-nationalism-collide/ HISTORY. (2014a). Bet You Didn’t Know: World War I | History [YouTube Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2mjqi-QyO1E HISTORY. (2014b). Legacy of World War I | History. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jO-QWFwosk8 HISTORY. (2014c). Nationalism and WWI | History [YouTube Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzCe4qg8K0E HISTORY. (2014d). Tech Developments of World War I | History. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7v3cq1ZJjM Hussain, M. (2019, September 15). War on the World: Industrialized Militaries Are a Bigger Part of the Climate Emergency Than You Know. Retrieved from The Intercept website: https://theintercept.com/2019/09/15/climate-change-us-military-war/ National Centers for Environmental Information. (n.d.). DROUGHT: Monitoring Economic, Environmental, and Social Impacts | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) formerly known as National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). Retrieved from www.ncdc.noaa.gov website: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/news/drought-monitoring-economic-environmental-and-social-impacts#:~:text=Drought%20can%20also%20affect%20people Physicians for Social Responsibility. (n.d.). Climate Change and Famine. Sauter, M. B. (2018, October 10). Faces of poverty: What racial, social groups are more likely to experience it? Retrieved from USA TODAY website: https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/economy/2018/10/10/faces-poverty-social-racial-factors/37977173/ Selin, N. (n.d.). Britannica School. Retrieved from school.eb.com website: https://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/carbon-sequestration/474250 The State of Working America. (2010). Poverty | State of Working America. Retrieved from Stateofworkingamerica.org website: http://www.stateofworkingamerica.org/index.html%3Fp=4193.html Union of Concerned Scientists. (2014, April 10). Drought and Climate Change | Union of Concerned Scientists. Retrieved from www.ucsusa.org website: https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/drought-and-climate-change#:~:text=Global%20climate%20change%20affects%20a American Geosciences Institute. (2015, February 13). Can droughts be predicted? Retrieved from American Geosciences Institute website: https://www.americangeosciences.org/critical-issues/faq/can-droughts-be-predicted Moore, A., Attorney, C. A., & Documentary, E. N. P. ’Freeway C. in T. S. (2017, December 17). Newsweek is Dead Wrong on Black Poverty. Retrieved July 9, 2020, from HuffPost website: https://www.huffpost.com/entry/newsweek-is-dead-wrong-on-black-poverty_b_5a36f332e4b0e1b4472ae7b0
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